Imfaneli Eziphumulekile Zokuhlanganisa Izixhobo Ze-Carbon Steel Lwesikhashana Sokususa Isikhathu

Izinqa Nezintlonzelo Zenkabi Ye-Carbon Steel Sokususa Isikhathu

Carbon Steel Eliphamulekile, Emesile Kunye Ne-Ngaphandle

Insimbi enekhabhoni ihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi iqukethe ikhabhoni engakanani. Insimbi enekhabhoni encane ngokuvamile ingaphansi kuka-0.3% we-carbon, okwenza lezi zinsimbi zibe nezimo eziguquguqukayo futhi zilula ukuzilungisa. Yingakho siwabona kaningi ezintweni ezinjengokwakha izakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi lapho ukukwazi ukugoba ngaphandle kokuphula kubaluleke kakhulu. Lapho sibheka insimbi enekhabhoni ephakathi, sikhuluma ngezinto eziqukethe phakathi kuka-0.3% no-0.6% wekhabhoni. Lezi zinsiza zinikeza indawo enhle phakathi kokuqina nokusebenza kahle, okwenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kwezingxenye ezinjengamagiya, ama-asi ezimoto, ngisho nezinsimbi zesitimela ezidinga ukubambelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kodwa nokho zigcine izinga elithile lokuguquguquka. Insimbi enekhabhoni eningi iyaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ngezinga lekhabhoni eliqala ku-0.6% liye ku-1.0%. Lolu hlobo luqina kakhulu futhi alugqwali kalula, okuchaza ukuthi kungani imishini ithembele kulo ukuze kusikwe amathuluzi futhi abakhiqizi balisebenzisa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni iziphethu. Amabanga ahlukahlukene akuzona nje izinombolo ezisephepheni lezincazelo empeleni anqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi insimbi ngayinye engawenza kangcono ezimweni zangempela.

Ukuphatha Kwesikweletu Sokuhlukomelela kunye nokuphumeleyo

Imipakathi yesilika kwi-steel iyahlukahluka ngokukhulisa nokulawulwa kwayo. Xa kukhona silika ngaphezulu, sawa sawa kubonwa ukukhulisa kweemeko zokulawulwa nokukhula kweemeko zokugqithisa. Kodwa lapho silika iyakhula, i-steel iyakukhula kwaye iyakukhulisa, kodwa iyaphela ukulawulwa. Abasebenzisi bokulawulwa bahlala bawusebenza ngokwemigaqo efanayo xa bahlala bawukhulutanisa lonto, bawusebenzisa imigaqo egama le-ASTM International eyesiza kunciphisa ukuthi i-steel ithini enokusebenzela kakhulu kumisebenzi nganye. Thatha izimoto njengomzekelo. Abasebenzisi bokulawulwa bawukhetha i-steel engenayo silika ngaphezulu ukwenza amapaneli kwiimoto kuba iyakulawulwa ngokulungileyo lapho kuyakulawulwa. Ngelishwa, badinga i-steel ene-silika ngaphezulu kumisebenzi ojwayelekileyo njengokuhluka kwamapikisi okukhanya okanye amaqhinga asemoteni lapho ukukhulisa kwaye iyakukhulisa kakhulu. Ukutholwa kwekhakha aphakathi akukhothi kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe ngokwemigaqo kuphela. Iindlela zasekhaya ziyakukhulutanisa zonke izinto ezi kubonisa ukuthi izimoto ziyakusebenza ngokulungileyo kwaye ziyaqinisekisa ukuba ziyakulawulwa ngokulungileyo ngelishwa.

Umphathi Wokusetshenziswa Kwezilungu Zocobalthi

Izakhi ezinjenge-manganese ne-chromium zenza umehluko ngempela uma kuziwa ekwandiseni lokho insimbi yekhabhoni engakwenza. I-manganese yenza insimbi iqine futhi ibe namandla ngokwengeziwe, kuyilapho i-chromium isiza ekuvikeleni ukugqwala futhi isebenza kangcono lapho kufudunyezwa. Lapho sifaka lezi zinto ezinsimbini zensimbi yekhabhoni, ngokuyisisekelo iba namandla kakhulu ngokwakhiwa, okusho ukuthi ingakwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi enzima ngaphandle kokuwohloka. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuxuba lezi zakhi ngendlela efanele empeleni kuthuthukisa izimfanelo ezibalulekile zensimbi, kuhlanganise nokuyenza ihlale ndawonye kangcono ngaphansi kokucindezeleka futhi ikwazi ukumelana nezinto ezinjengomswakama noma amakhemikhali emvelweni. Ngokwesibonelo, amabhuloho nezakhiwo ngokuvamile zidinga insimbi enenani eliphakeme le-chromium nemanganese ngoba kufanele ihlale amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela ukuthi iziphi izinhlanganisela ezifakwa emikhiqizweni yazo, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukulungisa izakhiwo zensimbi ngendlela abafuna ngayo ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene emikhakheni yokwakha, yezimoto, nakwezinye lapho izinto zokwakha ezinokwethenjelwa zibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukulungiselela Amasiphi Noma Izilinganiso Zokusebenza

Ukugcina Ukuphakamisa kanye neKuphakama

Ukuqonda ukuthi yini na ukuthola umphumelelo fokwenza umthelela kakhulu lapho usebenza emigwaqweni ye-carbon steel. Umphumelelo wokuthela kakhulu umba kithi na yini na indawo engathola ukuthelwa ngisho ngephela. Umphumelelo wokwenza umthelela uphumelela ngendlela eyahlukene, ubala ukuthini na umba kuthola ukuthelwa noma ukuphakama ngisho ngenkathi kungathintwa noma kungathathwa phansi. Lapho abasebenzisa amathuba esenza lezi bala, bazekelela kakhulu ezinto ezimbili: indawo lapho amathuba athiwe nekuphela kwezindleko ezingathanda ukuthutha. Sebenzisa isibonelo esithi ukubala kwe-stress - sibala ukuthi yini na amathuba athiwe kutheni ngokwahlukanisa amathuba athiwe ngu-ndawo yayo (ngoko Stress ikama nge-Force ehwahlukaniswe nge-Area). Okuqukethwe kwezwe fokwenza amathambo amakhulu amabiweyo nezinhlobo zazo ezithi I-beams ne-H-beams apholile emlakweni kunezindlela ezithile zokuthutha izinto ezahlukene. Kodwa akukho muntu othwala amadliki ngezinye izinombolo kuphela. Abasebenzisa amathuba amahle bahlala baletha amathuba amanye okwenza amaphutho ngezindlela zokuphepha kanye nekuqonda ukutheni kwezinto ngemva kala nini. Lezi zindlela zokuphepha ziciniselela kakhulu ukuthi kungathintwa fokwenza amakhaya aphile kakhulu noma kungathintwa.

Izicwangciso Zokuseta eziSteel I-Beams kunye neH-Beams

I-beams ne-H-beams engceke yemisebenzi yokubangela ngokubanzi. Kodwa, xa kufika kwezinkinga zokubhalinga, kukhona imithi yokubangela ebonisa izinto ephakeme kakhulu ezifanakaliswa. Imithi yokubangela iyathola ubude obuphezulu bakho bhenge kuya ngenkqubo ethile kanye nezinhlobo zemithi. Kukhona amachibiyano amaningi owobubele ubude obungasebenziwe ngaphambi kokuthi kudingekwe inkxenye yokwenza isu. Ubukhulu bokubhalinga bungcola ngqo, kanye nendawo esebenzeka kuye kanye neyohlanga ye-steel esebenziswa. Ngokubonwa, ubude obuphezulu kungenzeka ukuthatha inkxenye yokwenza isu esiphakathi ukuthi singasebenze ngokuthula. Iindlelu zokulala zingaba nezinkinga eziphantsi ngeku sebenzisa I-beams ezinhle, kodwa amakhaya okubethela kungenzeka ukuthi asebenzise H-beams okuphezulu. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi bephumelela ezindaweni eziphezulu ngaphandle kokuba nezinkambu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuthwalelwa phakathi kwezinhlobo zokubhalinga zinguvuma abasebenzisi ukuthi babuyeke amadoda ahlanzekile nezidingo zomkhumbi, ngelokhu bakhuselele kakhulu.

Ukuphucula Kwamabeam Esikhulu

Ukuba kube lula ukwenza amaphoyila ngokulula kuyindlela enkulu kakhulu abasebenzisa amasithithiwe amakhulu uma sithanda ukuba ayingcono fanye kahle. Amakhodi wokubangela uyachaza ukuthi yini engqondweni yabo ngokuthi kangakanani okungcono kungaphansi kwezinkinga. Uma abasebenzisi bezindlela bafinyelela ukuthi amasithithi athola amaphoyila kangakanani, bakhuluma ngezingxenye ezifanayo ne-SPAn, ubukhulu bendawo esebenzisa kuyo, fanta noma yimuphi umkhiqizo osebenzisa kuyo. Kungani konke lokhu kuyindlela? Ngoba uma konke lokhu kungahle kwenziwa, kungakhathaliseka ukuthi kuthathe isimo esiphaphamayo. Ukuvikela konke kungahle, abasebenzisa kakhulu ukuvutha kwezindlela noma ukuthiwa ngezinye izinto ezingcono ezingavuthi ngokulula. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kumendini lapho ukuphathwa okuphezulu kuvutha ngokuthi kuthathe isimo esiphaphamayo, khumbula amadhibhini wokugcina amanzi noma amadithithi amakhulu emakhaya aphelandula abantu abasebenzisa kwaye nezinto eziphakeme ezisebenzisa kuzo zonke izindawo.

Ukuphinda Ikhwalekelo Lwendawo nokuhlola Ukuphophazana

Ukufunda ukuphinde ikhwalekelo lendawo nokuthiwa izinyathelo zokuhlola ukuphophazana ziyinhlobo yezinto eziphumeleleyo ukusukela ukusure kamva umdlalo wesintsho.

Amaphutha nokucorosha kweGalvanic

Ukuhluka kanye nokucindezela kwegalvani kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlati emkhombisweni wezinto ezilandelwa ngokwezinga eliphezulu, okungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe ngezinto eziphathelene nekhabhoni. Xa kunezindawo ezithile zekhanda eziguqula ngokweleketri kakhulu kunezo ezisebenza ngazo, kungeke ukucindezela kwekhanda kube yimali, kwenziwa amapukela amancane athinta ukukhululeka kweyomkhombiswano ngemva kwalangu. Ukubonwa kwekhlorayidi, izimo eziphansi kwe-acid, nezinto ezingenakudla kwezimali zonke kuzange kube yimali le ndlela yokucindezela. Ukucindezela kwegalvani kusebenza ngendlela engu-ku-kuwona kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kube yimali kanje. Lokhu kungenzeka xa izinto ezahlukene zibonakala zilodwa nazo while zihlala kuzinto ethulwa ngayo njengezimali nezinto eziphakeme. Into engeke iyahlule kakhulu ingcinyelwe kwanje. Imicabango ikhombisa ukuthi kungeke ukuthile kwezimali kwezikhumbuzo kungenzeka ukuthi kube yimali kanje. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kube yimali ukucindezela kwezimali kungenzeka ukuthi kube yimali ukukhululeka kwezinto ezilandelwa nezokulula.

Izicatshulwa Zokuvumelanisa Amabhi WeCarbon Steel

Kune amachwebo amaningi xa kufanelela ukuphela kwezinhlayiya zokwehliswa kanye nokulaywa, kunxande ukuxubha nokubhupa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlayiya. Ukuxubha kusebenza ngokwandisa ikhanda lezinki kusayithi sesteel. Lokhu kwenza ikravu yamandla kanye nobuchopho obuvumela ukulaywa kwezinki ngaphandle kokaSteele, okuqukethwe ukuthi kuthwalwe ukuphela kwezinhlayiya emazingeni amaningi. Ikhanda le-epoxy lisebenza ngokuthi liphumelela ukudonsa nokuxaba izinhlobo zezinhlayiya, lokhu kwenza kuthakazelisa izindleko kakhulu kumasevisi amaningi. Kunezithwala ezithile ezibonisa ukuthi izinhlayiya ezinekhanda le-epoxy zilaywa ngokungu-50% ngaphansi kwezinhlayiya ezingenakho lokho ngemva yiminyaka engu-10. Kumaqo amaningi aphawula ukuthi kuzo zonke izimo ezikhulu, lezi zindlela zokuphela zenza ukuthi izinhlayiya zilinde kahle ngemva kwezikhathi eziningi.

Amanani Ahlanganiswa Ama Stainless Steel Ezindaweni Eziphakeme

I-steel esilivu yahlukana ngokuthiwa yasebenza ngemva kuka noma yiziphi izimo eziphakeme kakhulu. Kuyavuma ukuba yinciyenya ngaphambi, kepha le ndawo eziphumelela kuba i-silivu ayilungiseleli noma ayizokhululwa ngokuthokozisayo. Ngakho ke kunezindawo eziningi zokwenza izindlela zokubherna nezinye izimo zokusebenza eziphumelelayo esilivwini ngaphandle kwezindlela zokubherna. I-Journal of Material Science yenqaba amathiseleni okubonisa ukuthi silivu yisikhali esikhulu kangakanani ngokulinganisa nezinye izinhlobo zokubherna. Sibonile ngokubona ngaso kusukela ukuthi izicathami zokubherna zidinga ukubuyiselwa ngokuphelele kulezizimo ezithintekayo. Ukubheka izinto ngokwemali kuyafuneka kusebenze futhi. Izinkampani ezingena esilivwini zasebenza ukuthiwa zingenhlanhla kakhulu ngokudla kuzo ngokuthiwa zidinga ukunciphisa izindlela zokulungisa nokubuyisa. Abasebenzisi basematheni bafisela ukuthiwa kudinga ukulungisa noma ukubuyisa izicathami ezikhululwe.

Izindaba zokusebenzisa kunye nomphumela

Izichallenge zokuhlanganisa kwiHigh-Carbon Steel

Ukuwesha nezinto eziphakeme kakhulu zokwenza i-carbon ikakhulukazi kunezinto ezingaphakeme ngokwezimali zokwenza i-carbon. Yikuphi isimo? Okuqukethwe kwe-carbon kwenza ukuba le ndawo ikhulume kakhulu kepha fela ikhathaze kakhulu. Futhi yikuphi okuqala xa ikhathaze lihlangene nendawo enikileyo yokuwesha? Amakheli amakhulu kakhulu aqala ukushisa ngokushesha uma siyadinga ukulungisa le ndawo. Abakheli abaningi abakhona le nto ngokukhulu, ngakho ke bonke bayaqala ukulisa izingqimba ngaphambi kwalokho bayaqala ukulisa kahle emuva kwalokho ukuvikela ukuthi le ndawo ayithathi amandla okushisa. Kunezinye izinkampani ezinkulu ezikhona ezifunda ngaphezulu kwezinye izinto ezifana nezinto ezikhulu zokulungisa kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela ukuthi lezinto ziqinisekiswe ngokushesha. Ngokubalwa ngokuthi kuyindlela yokwenza izindawo zokugcina apho ukuthi lezinto ziqinisekisiwe kakhulu. Abasebenzisi abakhona le nto ngokukhulu bayaqinisekisa ukuthi lezinto ziqinisekisiwe kakhulu kuye kungenzeka ukuthi ziyathola iziphumo ezinhle kahle kunezinye izinkati eziphakeme kakhulu zokusebenzisa le ndawo.

Amathipo Amanqaku Kwe-amagca Okusukela

Izimbeamu zokwesika zihlangana ngendlela ezahlukene, ngokwesikhathi eziyisikhungo noma izibhobho. Iziyisikhungo zenza izindawo eziphezulu kakhulu, ngaleso sikhali bafundi labo bakwaqapha kakhulu le ndlela ngokwenza ubukhulu obunzima lapho izindleko kudinga ukulayela ngendlela elula phakathi kwezinqawatha. Kepha kukhona indinga - iziyisikhungo eziphambene kudinga abasebenzisa abakhumekile kanye nezinhlelo ezithunyelwe, okuqinisekisa ukuthola uhlelo olula. Kepha izibhobho zenza into enguqu. Zilula kakhulu ukulayela emakhiweni, ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza. Noma kunjalo, lapho kusebenzela ngemibuzo ephakeme noma amandla aphezulu, izibhobho ayilingani nazo iziyisikhungo. Okukhethwa phakathi kwezindau zonke zilula ukuba yini elidingeka. Ezinye izisekelo dinga amandla anezulu ngaleso sikhathi, noma ezinye izidinga ukugcina nezindleko. Abakhethi abakhumekile kakhulu bayaqaphela konke okuqondile kuqala - kangakanani izindleko ezidingeka ukulindiswa, kangakanani usuku oluthile, nezingaki eziphi zezimali ezitholakalayo - ngaphambi kokuthi bakhetha okuyisikhungo noma izibhobho njengendlela ebo yinhloko.

Ukuhweba nokuhlola Kulesi-ndawo

Ukuqiniseka ngokuthola izicathami zokwenza amaphesa ngokwezicelo kudinga ukusebenza ngokucophelela okuphakelwa kakhulu kuzindlela zokusebenza. Okwenza amaphesa, ukubhola, nokubhola ngamandla kubamba kakhulu ekwenzeni ukuba amaphesa enzeke ngokwezifomu, ubude, nokupelwa kwezicathami. Kungakhona bonke izinto ezifana nezicelo, ngakho ke ukuba kudinga ukuthi kwenzeke okunye okungaphakathi kungaba yindlela yokuthi amakhubalo akhulume ngokuphelele. Xa abasebenzi kudinga ukuthi kwenzeke okunye ngokuthi izimo lihlakana, ukufinyelela kwezixhobo zokwenza amaphesa noma izicathami zokulinganisa zibe yindlela yokuthi kube yimali efihlakene. Lezi zibonelo zenza ukuthi zonke izinto zibe ngaphakathi kwezicelo futhi zilinde imehla ezingaphambili. Abasebenzi bakho babo bakudinga ukuthi baphakamise ukusebenza ngokucophelela ukuze avide ukutholwa kwezindlela ezithintekayo, ngoba izicathami ezimbi zingakwazi ukuthi kube yinkimbuko enkulu. Inkulumo iphumelela xa izinkampani zibe nezicelo eziphakeme futhi zibe nezimali ezingaphambili ngokuthi zisebenzise ngokucophelela izicathami ezilandelwayo.

Ukubuya Kwemali Ngenkinga Lokuhlola Lomdaka

Ama-Material Costs Okuqondileyo vs. Ukusetyenziswa Kwisikhatsi Esidingiwe

Ukubheka izindleko zokwenza amaprojekthi kanye nezokweqile kubonisa ukuthi kungani abakhulu abakhetha yona noma kungani bathanda ukuthatha isipho esikhulu kwizindleko zokuqala. Qhawekane, izindleko zokwenza amaglazinga kungalingani nezinye izinsuku, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu kukuphila kwazo. Imicabango yesikhwama ibonisa ukuthi ngokudlule kwezinsuku, ukusebenzisa amaglazinga engapheli izindleko ngama-20% ngoba amakhaya ayidingi ukulungiswa futhi ayadingi ukubuyiselwa. Abakhankatha amaprojekthi abathanda ukunciphisa izindleko emuva kufanele baphele ukuthi bathile yini kokuqala kanti bathola yini emuva ngokulungiswa. Abakhulu abaningi bethola ukuthi le ndlela isebenza kahle kweqile, ngakumbi xa basebenza ngaphandle kwezimali eziphakeme lapho imali yonke iyadingeka manje futhi kuzo zinyaka eziningi ahead.

Umyalezo Womdlalo Wesitrakchura Wokugcinwa

Abaproduka bezi steele bahlukene ngoku bonke bangeza izinto ezisuswe kumaqo kuzindlela zabo, ngamathuba athile kunge kakhulu njengoba 90% kuzo zonke izimo, okwenza i-steele ibe yimfihlakalo encane ngokulingana nezinye izinto. Ukusebenzisa i-steele esisulekile ithatha amaphela amaningi kumaqo wokuqala ngelokho kunyamenelwa yisonto. Thatha i-World Trade Center ohlalwe ngokuthi basebenzise amathambo amaningi e-steele esisulekile ekwakheni, ukubonisa indlela abakanti abangapheli amaphela athile. Njengoba izakhiwo zibe phakade nezingxenye eziphezulu, lokhu kuguqulwa kumaqo esisulekile kusebenza njengoba yindlela esingcono ukuthi abakhule abayo basebenze ngendlela ethintekayo kumathketi wokuqala.

Izinga leziZaluleko Zokubaleka Ngesiseleli Lesicabanga

Ukugcina amasithruktshi we carbon steel kusukile kakhulu uma sithanda ukuba aqhubeke futhi asebenze ngendlela echanekileyo ngokudlule kwezinsuku. Oku kufaka phakathi ukulokotha kwezi sithruktshi ngeke kanye nokubhala amafutha okugcinwa ukuthi uvikele ukwehluka. Oku kungaziwa yabantu abaningi yile ndlela lezi zinakekile zokwenza amagigaba esikhathini sokulawulwa. Uma sibheka okuthi abanye abasebenzini balithola, abaningana amakhampani ayithola ukuthi abhalwa kwezimali kwezi 5% ukuya kuma 10% wokuthi bawubuyile amadlinga ngonyaka ngokwesibonelo sokulawulwa. Uma amathiyamakheli abe ngokwenza izenzo echanekileyo zokulawulwa njengezikhwameli ezinhloso nezinyathelo ezifanele ezingcwele kusuka kwenye indawo kwenye, bethola iziphumo ezingcono. Amadodi we carbon steel ayadinga ukugcina okuhle kakhulu uma kwenziwa ngendlela echanekileyo, lokhu kwenza ukuthi izinyathelo eziphakeme zibe nezinsuku ezingiwe ngokudlule kwezinsuku.