Yini eyenza amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali amelane nokugqwala? Imfihlo ihlala entweni ebizwa ngokuthi ungqimba lwe-chromium oxide. Lapho abakhiqizi bexuba i-chromium nensimbi phakathi nokukhiqizwa, lokhu kuhlanganisa okukhethekile kwakheka ngokwemvelo ebusweni. Isebenza njengesivikelo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezilimazayo emvelweni. Ukuhlolwa kwezwe langempela kuye kwabonisa ukuthi la maphayiphi ahlala isikhathi eside kunamanye amapayipi ensimbi ngoba awaqedi noma aguge kalula ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha izikebhe namapulatifomu angaphesheya kwezilwandle, onjiniyela abaningi basolwandle bakhetha insimbi engagqwali engu-316 ngoba ingamelana nokuhlaselwa amanzi anosawoti, okuyobhubhisa ezinye izinto ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Futhi kukhona enye inkohliso engekho emgqonyeni. Ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kokuvala inzalo empeleni kuqinisa lesi sikhala sokuvikela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinguquko ezincane emgwaqweni futhi ngokujwayelekile kunenani elingcono lemali esetshenziselwe izindleko zokufaka nokugcina.
Imipemu yesilisi yasebenza ngokukhulu kuzindlela ezine ngezinkimba ezikhululekile nezindleko zokuphefumula. Ngakho ke kubonakala kakhulu kuzindlela zokuphodwa nezokwenza izinhlelo zemindeni. Izindlela zombalanga zibonisa amagradei afana ne-304 ne-316 yesilisi yasebenza ukulawulwa kwezinhlelo zokulawulwa nokulawulwa ngaphandle kokuthi kuchithwa, okungukuthi kuncipise kakhulu ukulungiswa nokubuyiselwa noma kunye nemindeni. Sicathwele lokhu esemthweni ngeminyaka engaphambili kuzindlela zokucubika izinhlelo esikhunjwe yini, lapho abasebenzisa bakhombisa ngokuvamile ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumiwa okufanele phakathi kwezintambo nezokulawulwa. Esikhatheni sokugcina esemthweni lezi zinhlelo zasebenza ngokuvamile, akukho doubte - i-silisi yasebenza iyahlala indlela eqokwa ukulula ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokuphatha ngemva kwenyanga futhi emva kwenyanga.
Imipipe yesisteni yesilinda kakhulu ukukhathatha ukuvukela ngokulinganisa nezilinda zokukhathatha, okwenza yena okuqondile xa kusebenzwa kumathini amaphressa ephumbane. Lomkhiyala ungamena phakathi kwezinkulu ezingama 50 kuya kuma 150 iphophoni ngosuku lwesikweletu bese ikhulumi noma iphuphu. I-Copper nendlela esibonileyo inamandla kuma 20k kuya kuma 60k psi. Ngokuba yale mandla aphakeme, isiteni silinda kakhulu kungukhetho olungileyo kumasebenzi amakhulu aphakeme apho ukulinda kwenyaka kuyakho. Izifekelo zokuphathwa ngokudinga le nto ngokukhulu ngisho noma kungaphansi kwezindleko kakhulu, okwenza abaphathwayo bethemba ukuthi izinto zabo zizosala ngemva kwezikhathi eziningi zokusebenza ngqo.
Ngakho ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezicatulo zombuso kwiqhosha leziqhuthu kukhliselela ukusebenziswa komthebulo nokugcina ukunikeza amaxhalese, uzokusetyenziswa ngokubalulekileyo ngokweminyaka emnandi. Ukubonelela amandla akho amahle kwezicatulo zombuso ngaphezu kwezincatulo zakhiphu, kungabizwa ngokushesha ukuthi yimithombo eyahlukene yasebenzela ngokuphinda ukusetshenziswa kwezicatulo zombuso.
Imipemu yesilisi yamagama kuyindlela etholakala kakhulu kuyo yonke indima yamagama, ngakumbi xa kuchazwa imipemu nezindlela zokugcina. La mapepu kufanele akwazi ukulondola izimo eziphambene nezintathu. Ummandla wokwenza imipemu waseMelika wasebenzisa izimo ezithile ezinhloko ukuthi kuyini silisi yamagama isetshenziswa ngaso kule ndima. Izindlela zabo zihlinza indlela le mapepu lawa akwenza phansi kwezinkinga eziphezulu nezizimu ezithutha ezingenakwenzeka ukuthola izinto ezincane. Kuyini okwenza lokhu kube yindlela? Okho, izindima eziyimfuneko ASME zazi ukuthi bezofuna imipemu eyakhiwe ngendlela engalindelwa xa kuzozama ukugcina noma ukuthunyelwa emkhathini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezimo ezithile zokwenza umsebenzi kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzisa bazi ukuthi ubukhosi bawo bakhona ukuthi bafanele ukutholakala ngazo.
Uma sibheka idatha yangempela yasensimini, insimbi engagqwali iye yazibonakalisa ngokuphindaphindiwe uma kuziwa ekuphatheni izinto ezivuthayo emikhombeni emide. Le nsimbi igcina isakhiwo sayo siqinile ngisho nalapho isesimweni esibi isikhathi eside. Yingakho opharetha abaningi kangaka bethembela emapayipini ensimbi engagqwali kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabo kawoyela negesi. Njengoba amapulatifomu asolwandle ebhekene nokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali okuya ngokuya kuba nolaka nemigudu yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ebhekene nokungena kwamanzi anosawoti, ukukhetha izinto zokwakha kubaluleke kakhulu. Umkhakha kawoyela uyakwazi lokhu. Njengoba kuvela izindlela ezintsha zokukhipha izinto futhi imithetho engokwemvelo iba ngqindilili, izinkampani zigcina ngensimbi engagqwali hhayi nje ngoba isebenza, kodwa ngoba ezinye izindlela azinakusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo esikhathini eside.
Lapho imipemu yamakhanda esiya nezinto zokubulala C channel, zenza amasithithemba aphakeme kakhulu kubasebenzi besikole. Le kombinethi iyindlela yokubambisa amandla nezifo ngokuphelele. Yini okwenza le ngxenzo ibonakale kakhulu? Kuyindlela yokunciphisa ukubanzi kwezakhiwo ngaphandle kokulahla ukuthi zibe yini. Abasebenzi besikole baneke kakhulu le ndawo yamandla phakathi kwezifo nezifo kunezinyanga eziphandayo. Sinako lezi zinto zihlangana ngokuhamba ngokuqondile, kusukela kumasebenzi amakhulu amadonsa kuzo kuma bhridji ezijwayele kuzo. Zifake amathiphu okuphepha okuphakeme abaningi abasebenzi besikole ayithandi. Ngaphandle kokuba yilowo amakhanda esiya nezinto zokubulala ayinayo into engenakho. Futhi, siyakuvumela, izinto zokubulala C channel zingenisile ukuthi zisebenze kahle kakhulu kubasebenzi abangcono lapho izindlela ezinhle ayisebenzi.
Iziphaphu eziluhlaza zikhona yindlela ebalulekile kuzo ukulungisa amanzi nokuphatha izindleke zokuba akayilungiswa phakathi noma kutholwe yabantu njengoba kwenye yezinto. Xa kuzolandzelwa le ziphaphu, kubandakanya ukuba amanzi angcono kanye nokulungile okubalulekile kakhulu kumaqoza abasebenzisa amanzi aseGovermenteni. Imicabango ikhombisa ukuthi izipharthu ziluhlaza zihlinza ngempela kakhulu kumasinye amaphesenti, okukhomba ukuthi amanye amakontamina ayizinto ezingekelwa kuzo. Futhi, ngoba le ziphaphu zilinda ngempela kakhulu kabefile kudinga ukubuyiselwa, izindunankulu zilala kancane futhi kunciphisa ukuphulelwa kweziphaphu eziningi. Ngakho ke, amaqoza amaningi ehlukanini lenhloko liyavuma izipharthu ziluhlaza xa ekhiwa izinkampani zokulungisa amanzi- kuyindlela ehlukile kakhulu ngokomno kanye nokuhlukile kahle kuzo.
Izicathami esine silivela sikhona simele ukuba yindleke kakhulu ngokwesibonelo xa kuhlanganiswa nezicathami zomoya, noma ukuba kumele kwenzeke izindleko ephakeme kula. Ngokwesilimi saseNyaniso, iSilivela esine silivela singase iyaphila amathathu amaningi kunomoya ezinye izimo, ngakho ke kuyakwenzeka ukuba kuhleke kakhulu. Okwesibili, iSilivela esine silivela ayisikali kakhulu njengomoya, okungathi kumele kwenzeke izindleko ezingaphezu kwehlukumele kanye nezilungiselelo. Lokhu kumele kwenzeke kakhulu kumaqondo amakhulu, ngoba le zindleko zokulungisa zingase kudala kakhulu ngokwehla, ngakumbi kumaqondo amakhulu noma kumaqondo asemaphimbo.
Xa kuthiwa ngokulinganisa izindawo zokulinda kwezindlu zokulinda kwezimali, isiteleni yesiliva ithile kancane kwekupheliwa xa kubheka izinhloso zokulula kudala. Okuthi kakhulu kuwo wonke isiteleni yesiliva ingavulekelwa futhi ingavulekelwa kabusho lula kungenzeka ukuthi kwehlise isibonelo esiphakathi, okuyindlela ebalulekile kamanje. Izindlela zokuthiwa ngeNkampani yeSiliva yeBhahamaso zithi ukuthi kuvuleka isiliva esisha kuvuleka izindleko ezingama-75% zokwenza isiliva esisha futhi kuvuleka ukwehlisa izindleko zokukhupha kwekhabethelela. Kumaqembu owentasela amathuluzi noma amathuluzi wezimali, ukuguqula isiteleni yesiliva ayiyona kuphela okulungile kudala kodwa kuthuthukisa futhi ukuthi kufanele kuhlangane nezinhloso zokulandela izinhloso eziphakeme kakhulu eziphakathi kwezimali ezifanayo kamanje.
Isimboni sametali kutholile amaphutho amaningi kwezinkokhelo ezintsha ezihlanjelako ukulwa, ezinhlelwe ngokweqileyo ukulwa kwezimo eziphakeme. Kwezinye lezi zimo, ziyavulelwa ngokuzenzekela ukuba izindilinga zomnwe wamakhemikhali azokhulula kude xa zilwa ngezinto ezifana nezibhopho okuya nezimboni zokukhanyisa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkampani ezikhokhela imali kumeluleko yezicelo, zizama nezinhlobo ezahlukene nezimboni ukwakha izigaba zomnwe wamakhemikhali ezisebenza ngokuholela kuzimo ezithile zomhlaba. Bekhona futhi iziphi zokuvikela nezindaba zezicelo ezingcono ezavela kuleli kusizo, okuwa kuthuthukisa lezi zinto kuziso olukhona kwezinye izindzaba ezifana nezindlela zokukhanyisa futhi kwezindawo zokukhanyisa izinto apho ukubaluleka kungcono.
Isicelo sezinga lesteel engalungisekanga sikhokheka phambili emakhanda ephuhlisa ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinfrastrakti. Izentlalelo evela e-Asia njengeIndia ne-Vietnam naseBrazil eSouth America uyakhula kakhulu izinhlobo zabo zokuxhumana ngoba izinga lesteel engalungisekanga iyahlukana ngempela nezindlela eziphambili futhi iphila ngokude ngaphandle kwezinye. Imaphakethe yasekhanda ibonisa ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezinga lesteel engalungisekanga kule makhanda lapho izinhlelo zokuxhumana kudingeka engalungelwe kakhulu kulezindlela ezifisayo. Kuzalwa amathrading opportunities obuyekela kakhulu ngoba abasebenzisi balehlwa ngokuzithola kule qhuma elijulile emkhuhleni wokuthengisa lapho abathengi bafuna izinto eziphumelela ngokudala amashumi ayisithupha okungathi kuchithwa kakhulu izindleko ngokushesha.
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