Izicathami esibhokisiwe ngokwemboni sigcwele kakhulu ekuvuleleni ngokuba yabo obunzima obukhulu. Singasebenzisa kakhulu ekuvuleleni okuphezulu okunamandla, okwakhiwa ngalo ukuvulela okuphezulu okudinga ukuphelelwa ngokuphelele. Yeyiphi into esinikela amandla okwemboni? Isimo sebhokisi singakwazi ukwenza into yabo amandla, okuyindlela esinguqula ukuba yinto ingabi yini, futhi le nto iyisizo kakhulu ekuvuleleni izinkqubo ezijikeleze kakhulu. Okunye kwezizwa abasebenzisa amaphela okwemboni ngokuba yabo obunzima obukhulu. Khona noma kulingana nezinye izinto ezifana nebhokisi elikhulu, amaphela okwemboni ayizinto ezingenakuthutha imali kakhulu futhi zinikeza imiphumela ephawulekayo. Lapho kuvulelwa okuphezulu lapho imali ingapheli, le nto iyisizo kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kwalokho, lezi zicathami zifuna ukusebenzela kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo. Kusukela ekuthuthweni kwezinkqubo ezinkulu zemhlabshicelo kuya kwezinye izicathami zemisebenzi yemfanelo, amaphela okwemboni azifuna ukusebenzela kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo, zokuthi zinike amandla noma ukuthula.
Ubunzima obuphakathi phakathi kwezinto eziyi-carbon steel nezinto eziyi-galvanized steel sheets kukukhona kwezinki ekufakelwe kuzo galvanized version, okunika konke ukuphela kwekorrision ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene. I-carbon steel isila kakhulu futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibe nemiphumela leyo yekhanda ngokungafani nezinye. I-galvanized sheets zifumana amandla akhe ngenhloso yokuthi zifakwe kuzi zink, lokhu kwenza ukuthi zisebenze ngakunye xa zivikelwa kumehluko. Ilapha lezinki iyaziwa ngokuthi i-galvanized steel yisikali esihlola ukuthi kutheni kusebenzisa izinto eziyi-outdoor structures noma lapho kungaba kukhona kwezulu. Iindleko zizo zizo futhi. I-galvanized sheets zingaba nezingo eziphakade ngenxa yeprosesi yezinki coating. Kodwa ngokungukudala, lezi zingo eziphakade kungenzeka ukuthi zilalela ngenhloso yokuthi kungabikho inkohliso yokuphazimiselela nokubuyisa futhi. Iindleko zokuphazimisa kudingeka zibe yisimo esijwayele kwezinto eziyi-carbon steel xa kuzokwelwa kumakoti apho kungaba kukhona ukungcola. Zombili izinto zineqhakamayo ngokulingana nesicelo futhi kutheni kungaba kukhona ukuthi kuzokwelwa kumehluko.
Amandla okudonsa ensimbi yekhabhoni angenye yezimpawu zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngokuvamile ewela phakathi kuka-400 no-1,200 MPa kuye ngokuthi sikhuluma ngani. Ngokuyinhloko, le nombolo isitshela ukuthi ingakanani ingcindezi impahla engakwazi ukuyibekezelela lapho idonswa ize ihlukane. Okwenza insimbi ekhiqizwa ngamakhabhoni ibe yigugu kangaka ekwakheni izinto ezinjengamabhuloho neziphephelo, yilokho kanye okwenza ikwazi ukusekela izinsimbi ezinkulu ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Izinkampani zokwakha zithembele kakhulu kulolu hlobo lokwakha lapho zakha izakhiwo ezithwala umthwalo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, kunezindinganiso ezihlukahlukene zomkhakha zokuhlola nokuqinisekisa la mazinga okuqina. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-ASTM International zibeka iziqondiso abakhiqizi okumelwe bazilandele, zinikeze onjiniyela ithemba lokuthi imiklamo yabo iyosebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela ngisho nasezimweni zezimboni ezifuna izinto eziningi.
Izinto ezingcono kakhulu ngokukhululekile kwezinto eziphambene nezindlela zokusebenza zokuthi zingcono kanjani? Kungenzeka ukuba ayizikhumbi ngokukhululekile noma kuzithwale kakhulu lapho kusebenzisa amandla amaningi ngemva kwezikhathi eziningi, okungathi izakhiwo ezenziwe ngokonkwe zingcono ngokukhululekile ngokuphela kwezinsuku. Kunezindaba ezithi uma kuhlinjelwe ngokushesha, lezi zinto ngokonkwe zingase kuhlale kakhulu ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu noma ngaphezulu noma lapho kusebenzisa imizuzwana eziphambene kakhulu. Le nkonco yokuphela kwezinsuku iyachaza ngani abasebenzisi zokonkwe baya kakhulu ukwenza izinto ezifanalo nezindlu zokugcina noma izibani zokuthutha kizindawo eziphambene noma kizindawo ezingcono ngokukhululekile.
Izinto eziyane nezindlela zokulayela ngokuhle kakhulu, ukwenza kwezindlela eziqinile ezingcono kakhulu ekubeni kuzokuhlala nezinkantolo nezinkampani ezisebenzisa izinto. Uma abalayeli bazi ukuba yini into engiyokwenza, izinto ezenziwe kungase kuhlale kahle ngaphandle kokuphula. Kunezindlela zokusebenzisa izinto eziyane nezindlela ezithile ezineso sokuthuthukisa imiphumela emhlabeni wokusebenzisa. Lezi zindlela zazokwelwa ngokuthi abasebenzisi bazo ngeminyaka engiyaziwa nezifundo. Ngaleso sikhathi ke ngabantu abaningi abasebenzisa izinto eziyane nezindlela ngaphandle kokuthi kunezinye izinto ezingcwele emhlabeni. Ukuthi kungase kuhlale kahle ngokugcwele kungase kuthathwa njengesiqinile kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
Iingcango zokwenziwa ngokwehlangothi zihlukaniswa amathathu - phantsi, phakathi, kunye nephakeme - ngokwalethu ehlangothi ingaphakamisa. Le nto iyakugcinwa kwaye ukuphumelela kwaye intlawulo yemali esebenza ngokulandelana. Iingcango zokwenziwa ngokwehlangothi phantsi zinezahlangothi ezingama-0.3% max kwaye zisebenza ngokugqitha xa kudinga ukuba into inokuhlanyelwa ngokulula okanye ukugqunyelwa ngaphambili. Ezi zihlala kwiintambo zokwehla noma iindlela zokubaka apho ubunzima bukhulu kunokuphumelela ngokuphezulu. Iingcango zokwenziwa ngokwehlangothi phakathi zinezahlangothi kwi-0.3% kunye ne-0.6%. Zinika amandla angcono ngaphandle kokuphula ngokukhulu, ngoko ke abasebenzisi bazo bahlala baya kuzithatha njengokwehlangothi okanye iindlela zokulandela ezidinga ukuthunyelwa kwaye kwaye bakuthanda ukuba zibe ngekona. Xa siyafika kwiingcango zokwenziwa ngokwehlangothi ephakeme nazo ezinezahlangothi ezingaphezulu kwi-0.6%, ezi ziyakuba ngokuphezulu kwaye zibe ngokulula kwaye zibe nokulungisa iindlela zokulandela okanye iispringi ezidinga ukungena ngokulula. Ukukhetha uhlobo olulodwa luhle lube lunceda kakhulu kwaye ukuphumelela kwaye kuthathe ngokulungileyo. Abakhubekayo abaninzi baya kuzithatha njengokuchaza iingcango zokwenziwa kwaye kwaye kuthetha amabhotekisi edlulileyo xa baya kuthetha ukuba yeyiphi ingcango yokwenziwa iyasebenza ngokugqitha kwiimeko ehlangothi.
Izinto eziyinkanye nezindonga zokubulawa ziqhutywa indima ebalulekileyo kubudolo, zihlala zisebenza ngokwesibonelo ukuthi konke kuthole kakhulu futhi kube nemiphumela emininingwane ngemva kwezikhathi. Ifomu ye-C channel iyimodi yobukhona ngempela, isekela amagqabi nezindonga nasekela izindleko zokuphambuka ngokungabi noma kuchaza kakhulu. Nezindonga zokubulawa kanye nezindleko zokugcina okuphezulu okwenza wena kakhulu kubudolo obuphakeme noma kubukhanya ngokushiyela lapho kudingeka. Xa uthatha lezi zinto zokubulawa pansi kweqoqa, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ziyisikanyana kanjani. Abasebenzisa kufanele bacindele imithwalo yokusebenzisa izindleko zokubulawa ngendlela efanele kubudolo futhi baziqinise ukuthi wonke amakhonkho ayinhle. Izindlu zasekhaya zihlala zifakwa kuzindleko eziningi kwindzima, ukuthunyelwa, ubudlelwane, ukuguqula kwezulu, ngakho ukwazi ukuthi yini lezi zikhonkho kungaba yimali kakhulu kodwa yingqo yobulungiswa nezulu lokuphila ngemva kwezikhathi.
Izinkozi ezinhlelweyo zikusiza ukulungisa izicathami zokwehliswa ukukhubeleka kwezimali, zinikeza ukukhululeka okuningi kwezicathami futhi zikhube izakhiwo nezinhloso ukuhlala kude kakhulu. Ezimbili zokuthi zingasetshenziswa ngokuvamile kuzigcina nezindlela zokufaka iphawuli. Ngokwezindlela zokugcina, ilaye ye-zinc iyafakwa kusayithi se steel. Okukhake kulesi ndlela ukuthi le zinc iyabonakala ngokwokudla ngaphambi kokukhubeleka kwe steel ngaphakathi. Ipawdla yokufaka iphawuli iyasebenza ngendlela enguqu ngokudala ilaye encane yokuhlinzeka eyenza ukuthi ikhululeke kahle kuye nezinkinga zokudonsa nezinkinga zokuxwayisa. Imaphakathi yesivikeli ikubonisa ukuthi le steel ephawulweyo kujabulela kancane kanje kanye noma ngaphezulu kwe steel engaphawulwanga. Izinto ezidlule kude kakhulu zinikeza ukunciphisa ukulungiswa ngokudlule kwesikhathi, okukhula ukunciphisa amaphoyinti okulungisa asokhuluwe kwezimali ezikhathini zonke.
Ukujwa ngobude neziciro leziciro zamadoda wecarbon steel sheets kuyindlela enkulu xa kufanele kuhlanjwe ukuthi lezi ziciro zilindele ukuphathwa kwezitha nezixhobo eziphathelene nazo kusenkonzeni. I-"gauge" ithi ngokwesiko ukubude kwayo yigolo eliphelele. Loku kuyindlela ethi: ngaphansi kwenani le-gauge, kube yide ngokubude. Loku kuyindlela enkulu yokwehla kumasebenzi amakhulu lapho kudingeka ukulula okuningi, khumbula izicathami zokuvamisa noma izitha zemoto. Amakhanda anamathuba aqondile ukuthi abasebenzi babuyekele kwezimali ezingiye kakhulu kusukela kuthi kufanele kubekwe yini. Thatha izindlu, umanyoba abasebenzisa i-16 gauge kwezinye iziciro zokuvamisa. Kodwa xa ungena kuindustri, kude kube yide futhi, kangangokuthi kubili noma kuthathu izikhathi lebude lokuvamisa ukuthi liphumelele ukuphathwa okuningi.
Imilenge ingasebenzi kakhulu kahow long ebeke amadulu ecarbon steel athola kabiwa kumele aqede. Izinto ezithile njengehlobo lapho kunezulu, ukushintshana kwezulu kusukela esibhedle kuya esihlweni, nekuqhutshwa kwezilimi zonke izinto ezingasebenzi kule milenge ngemva kala nje. Sebenzisa emakweni ephakeme njengehlobo. Isiliva sekhanda lapho kunezulu sibekwe noma kusebenzisa amanzi aphelile kumele siliva sekhanda esijwayelekile sibekeke kakhulu. Ngakho ke abasebenzisa amadulu eglavanized engasebenzi kakhulu kumaqo neziliva. Xa kubhokamisa noma yiziphi izinkampani, ukubheka lapho kumele kubhokamiswa kumele kube yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Imilenge yehlukile iyadinga izilimi ezihlukile ukuba izinkampani zibekeke ngemva kala nje. Abasebenzisi besikhathi samanje basebenzisa kakhulu izinhlelo zokubhala nezilwanyana ezifanele ukufunda outsho kwezilimi eziyadingeka kumele zibekeke. Lokhu kusebenza kubo ukuthola izilimi ezifanele ngokuqala ukuze izinkampani zingasebenzi kabiwa ngaphandle kwezimelwane.
Xa ubukhetha imithwana ye-carbon steel, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yini okuthanda ukulithanda kwezindleko ezithile. Izindawo eziphumelelayo ngokuvamile zilala noma zihlanzeke kahle, kepha bathakatha ukuthi zinani izindleko. Ukubuyela emuva kwezinkampani zokudla zokudla kubonisa kahle kanjani izindleko zokwenza nokuthi yini okwenyakwe kuzo. Velekelela imithi ebekwe ngemithwana ephumelelayo yokulungisa ukulungisa, umzekelo, kungaba kuthanda ukuthi kuthande amathousand ekuqaleni, kepha kungaba kuthanda ukuthi kuthande amathousand angaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngokuphelele. Ukuxoxa noma noma bani abasebenzisile emhlabeni ngeminyaka engaphansi kubonisa ukuthi akukho noma yikuphi okuthola ukusuka kwezincwadi zokufunda. Ukuthwala kwabo kubonakalisa ukuthi yini okuthanda ukuthi kuthande kakhulu ngokuqala kungaba yini okuthanda ukuthi kuthande kakhulu ngokwemva, ukuthi yini okusebenza kakhulu nokuthi yini okusebenza kakhulu teknically.
Kulokhu kakhulu kwezinye zokubangela izindawo eziphambene, ubushane bokwenziwa kwezinto bube yindlela encane kakhulu engaphansi kwezindawo zokubangela titanium. Qhuma titanium inobukhulu obungcono ngokuphunzwa kwezinyawo kanti inhlukene ngokuncane, kepha phakathi kwezinye izimo izici zokusebenza zombushane bokwenziwa kwezinto ziyafanele kakhulu kuleyo kudinga abasebenzisa. Ubuntjane obukhulu kuphela bube yindlela engaphansi kwezintandwa titanium uma kungase kungapheli ukudinga okuthile okukhethekile. Abasebenzisi besikoleni bahlala baza bafaka phakathi amaphakathi ngokuthi lapho ubuke amaphakathi ngokujwayelekile, ubunzima bokubangela, nezintandwa ngokuphelele, ubushane bokwenziwa kwezinto bube yindlela encane kakhulu. Yeyiphi into ethinta ukuthoba kwezilulu? Inqolobane ngokuhamba ngokwenza amaphoyinti ngokusebenza kwezizindwa, ngaphezulu kwalokho akuthinti amaphela. Abasebenzisa kwezinye izigaba zokubangela bahlala baphatha ubushane bokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuthi kufanele kubekwe kakhulu kwezindleko futhi kudinga ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthobalala kwezindawo.
Lokhu kuyindlela yokukhetha phakathi kweziphanti zomoya ne-C channel steel, kube yindlela yokwazi ukuthi umehluko wabo kukuphi ukuze sikwazi ukwenza izinqa eziphumelelayo ngemigwa yethu. Iziphanti zomoya ziyindlela ephumelelayo xa kudingeka ukushiyela amandla kumafluid noma xa kudingeka ukuphepha okukhulu. Ngokwesikhalo, i-C channel steel isetshenziswa khulu ekuthimbeleni nokuthobela ngoba ikhona ukuthi iphinde amandla kusayizi. Ukubheka izinombolo ekuhlebisa ukuthi yini engeke iyilapho inikeza isithombi esibonakalayo. Abasebenzisa nezimali zokudizayina abathola ukukhuluma ngokuthi kungani kudingeka izingqimba zomoya zibe yinkqubo yokuqala kungani na i-C channels eza kuthobela le mithombo ephumelelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuthanda ngaphandle kokuthwala amandla ngendlela engenazo.
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