Ukuphakamisa kweTube yeStainless Steel: Ukugcina ukunciphisa kwiChemical Processing Plants

Amachallenge Apho Lunciphiso kwiChemical Processing Environments

Izicwangciso zeRisk Apho Lunciphiso ngamanye amacala

Imithayeli yesilisi ephindwe ngemikhawulo yezinhlelo zokwenza izinkimbhu zokucula lapho zikhululwe kumaqondo amaningi njengokwandle ne-alkalis. Okuthiwa yilapho lezi zinkimbhu zihlabelela umugqa wemali, ukuvula amalitha wokuphela okuthintwa yilapho kube yisimo esisodwa. Ngokwesicatshulwa esishicwe yisicatshulwa seJurnali yeMcwananyo yeElectrochemical Science, kuhlanga kwezinhlelo zokwenza izinkimbhu okungenani 70% kutholwa ukuthi kunezimo zokucula. Le nombolo ithi kakhulu ukuthi kungcono ukukhetha izinhlelo ezingcono ukutholakala kumaqondo amaningi. Izinkimbhu zeSulfuric no-hydrochloric ziyinhloko yezinto ezingcono lapho. Kumaqondo apho kuzo lezi zinkimbhu, ukusebenzisa i-Grade 316L stainless steel iyakufanisa ngokuningi noma kungcono ukutholakala kumaqondo amaningi. Ukujwayeleka ngokwengeza izinkimbhu ezizotholakala lapho kuzo ukwenza izinhlelo akuyona kuphela okungcono kodwa yilapho kube yisimo esingcono ukukhetha uhlobo lwesilisi esingcono esingathintwa yilapho.

Iindlela zenkululeko zeTemperatures kunye nePressure

Izindleko ezihigh kanye ne-pressure kwa ngena kwezinye izinto kuchitha isimo esibi kwiindlela zamanzi kwiindlela zamanzi kwaye kuhamba ngemva kweentsuku. Iindlela zokusebenza kuthatha isimo esibi kwaye kuthuthukisa ukuphila kwe-corrosion, oku kwaye kubangela ukuba iindlela zamanzi zipho libilini. Imboniso yekhankatha ibonisa ukuba ngeke kubonakale ukutshintsha kwezindleko kuthuthukisa ukuphila kwe-corrosion ngokuphela, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukukhetha izinto ezingcono ezingasebenzi kulo msebenzi. Ngokuqala ngomzekelo ovela kwi-ASME, abo baxelelwe ngendlela engalunganga yamanzi amathathu abekwe ngamaphimbo amathathu. Oku kubangela ukuphela kwezindlela zamanzi xa kuthathwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezingcono, oku kuthatha amaxesha alula kwiindlela zamanzi. Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhetho olungileyo lwamanzi amathathu aphumelele kakhulu xa kuthatha iindlela ezingcono kwaye kuthatha amaxesha alula kwiindlela zamanzi.

Amamkani Akuhlala Kwesasiteli Lesasiteli

Uphawuli Wesikhromiwe Yophrotheksheni

Izicathami esine silvula zokugcinwa kwekholosi yase chromium oxide esinguqulo ngokomdwe ongenelwa kusayithi. Xa i-stainless engasebenzi kuxhume kweyakha, isilvula kwiyalu iqala ukuxhumelela ngokokulele, ukwenza le ndawo encane. Okuqondile kuleyo qhinga kukuba iyanciphisa izinto ezijikeleze ngokwezifiso njengokomoya nezicaba ezinhleke ukuba liphumele kuye kwezicathami ezingaphakathi. Imiculaba ikubonisa ukuba lawa maphetheni amelene ngokuhamba kwemizuzwana ethile, kodwa bafanelela kakhulu emakhayeni nezindawo zokucocwa apho izicathami zingasebenzi ngokukhawuleza. Kubo bonke abasebenzisa izicathami ezine silvula, ukwazi ukuba le ndawo yokugcinwa ikhona kungenxa yokuhamba kwamathola ngeminyaka engama-10 okanye kudingeka ukubuyiselwa eminyakeni ethile ngokwehlonya.

Umgomo Wokuhlola Kwemoya

Ukuze ukwanda komolybdenum kwiindlela zokujikeleza isitimela ayindlela yokuthutha ngokukhanya ukwenziwa kwezi ndlela zokucula okubangelwa yekati nezindlela zokucula, ngakumbi xa kuthathwa kwiimvumelelo eziphambene. Xa iindawo zokuvelisa zidinga le metal ekuhlamengeni kwabo kwezindlela zokujikeleza isitimela, bafumana izinto ezingadlula ngoba zihlinza ezinye iindlela apho kucula kuthatha isantya. Imicululo yegelethu yeminyaka engama-1900 yabo abasebenzisa izinto zokujikeleza isitimela ayindlela yokuthutha ngokukhanya ukwenziwa kwezi ndlela zokucula okubangelwa yekati nezindlela zokucula, ngakumbi xa kuthathwa kwiimvumelelo eziphambene. Xa iindawo zokuvelisa zidinga le metal ekuhlamengeni kwabo kwezindlela zokujikeleza isitimela, bafumana izinto ezingadlula ngoba zihlinza ezinye iindlela apho kucula kuthatha isantya. Imicululo yegelethu yeminyaka engama-1900 yabo abasebenzisa izinto zokujikeleza isitimela ayindlela yokuthutha ngokukhanya ukwenziwa kwezi ndlela zokucula okubangelwa yekati nezindlela zokucula, ngakumbi xa kuthathwa kwiimvumelelo eziphambene. Xa iindawo zokuvelisa zidinga le metal ekuhlamengeni kwabo kwezindlela zokujikeleza isitimela, bafumana izinto ezingadlula ngoba zihlinza ezinye iindlela apho kucula kuthatha isantya.

Umbiko Wesikhombisa Esilayini Kwamava

Istenisithalayamakhulu enencazelo encam emincanisi ukuthiwa kwezwa kwezwa, ngakho-ke xa kuhlangana nezwa, okwenza izindawo eziphawulwe ngempela zibe nemvuneko ngokuhlawuka. Ngokunciphisa amatholakale, kukhona umcimbi oshephe ukuthiwa kwehla kabanzi ngenxa yokuthi ubunzima bube yisimo esibonakalayo ngokudlule kwezinsuku. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-istenisithalayamakhulu enencazelo encam inkulu inqoba ngokuhlawuka ngokulinganisa nezinto ezincam kancane, okuqukethwe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kumaqondo oluphuhlisa ukuthiwa kufanele kuthathwe ngokudinga kwezinto ezifanele ukuthiwa zibe yisimo esibonakalayo. Bese kuzonke izimo zokuphuhlisa izinto zokubhala manje zilungiselela ukuthiwa kuthathwe le ndlela encam emincanisi lapho kungadingeka ngokuthiwa kuthathe isimo esibonakalayo kuzindawo ezikhona kuzo ukuthiwa kwehliswa ngemanzini noma ukuthiwa kwebhulwe ngokuxhumene nezinto ezichithwe. Ngaleyo ndlela, abakhulu babasithalayamakhulu noma abakhulu ba-tanks bakhuluma kuthatha le ndlela ye-encam emincanisi lapho kudingeka ukuthiwa kuthathe isimo esibonakalayo ngamaqondo amaningi.

Ukukhetha Geyidi Yezinto Ezichemikali

ukusebenza Okungenani Ngokuthi Stainless Steel 304 kunye ne-316

Ukufunda ukuthi yini eyinhloko phakathi kwe-304 ne-316 ye-stainless steel kuyindlela encane xa ukhetha izimpahla eziyindlela zokusebenza nezimimoya. Okuqukethwe kuzo kungukuthi zingawo yini futhi lokhu kungakapheli kanjani ukusebenza kwazo. Sebenzisa i-316 ye-stainless steel ngokwesibonelo, kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuvikela kuma-chlorides. Ngakolunye uhlango, i-304 ye-stainless steel iyisokuwona kakhulu futhi ifuna isebenza ngendlela encane, kodwa noma kunjalo ngaphandle kwe-molybdenum, ayivikeli kangako xa kusebenzisa emanzini amaningi noma kwezinye izimpahla ezivikelayo. Sinawo le nto kube yimalweni. Abasebenzisa amaphakathi wezimalo ayithanda ukusebenzisa i-316 ngoba iyilapho elide emanzini amaningi. Imaphakathi yempiro yekhankanyela lokhu, futhi abasebenzi abasebenzisile lawa mavilakithi bakhumbula ukuthi kungafani kanjani xa uyilapha le-steel ngokwesimo esifanayo. Ukubheka amaphakathi okwenza okuqinisekisa ukuthi siyazi yini: i-304 iyasebenza ngendlela encane emaphakathi amaningi, kodwa xa kuzozama futhi kuzovikela, i-316 iyasebenza ngendlela encane.

ukhulu kwe-316L ngokulandelana nge-Chloride

Abasebenzi basezinga lezokwelapha nezokugcina izilwane ezingeni lezokwelapha libona ukuthi izinga lesteel le 316L engenakho umoya kakhulu lapho kunesilivhu kakhulu ngoba lingenakona ngokulula ukuchithwa ngokuchaphazela kuneminye imigqa. Okukhethekisa i-316L ngokuvamile kukho okuncane kakhulu kwesilivhu esikgina ukuthi umoya awakho lapho kusebenzwa imicimbi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto zingenakona amathiphu akho osihlanu noma lapho kuzobekwa kakhulu kwezinto eziphazamisa ngokudala. Imaphakelo evela kudlulwe futhi ayavumele lokhu, abasebenzi basezinga lezokwelapha nezokugcina bezithola ukuthi kunesiphequlwa esincane kakhulu kwezinto ezisematheni 316L kuneminye imigqa ye-304 engenakho umoya lapho kuzobekwa emazingeni amaningi. Kwezilwane lezokwelapha nezokugcina amaningi emhlabeni, abasebenzi basezinga lezokugcina bakhombisa ukuthi i-316L yinto ebalulekile lapho kumele kuzobekwe izinto ezikgina ukuthi zenzeke ngokudala kwezokwelapha noma kwezilwane ezingeni lezokwelapha. Kuye kubantu bonke abasebenza emazingeni ezingeni lezokwelapha noma kwezokuphazamisa izinto, ukukhetha i-316L akuyona kuphela okuhle kodwa kuyona okubaluleke ukuthi kungena kwezinto ezinzile zokubuyisa futhi.

Ukulungisa Ngemva kokucacile kakhulu lokungabhedeleka

Amaphrothokololo zakulungisa lokuhlola Ukudluleka Kwemayiphi

Imicabhambo engenakupheli inqumatha indima yokugcina ubunzima bokwezwa kwezitayela zokwezwa. Imicabhambo engenakupheli yokuqinisekisa izindleko kumele ibonelele ukubuka kwenqanawa, ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zokulinganisa ubukhulu, futhi ngokungafanele ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zokulinganisa ngokwe-X-ray ukuthola imicabhambo engenakubonwa. Ngokwemiguidistfo yesipoheli, izindawo zamele ukhulumela imicabhambo ngeminyaka yobudaka lwe-6 uma imicabhambo ayipheli, kodwa kumele zifake ngaphezulu uma umhlahlandlela upheli noma ungenakwezwa. Abasebenzisi besikhwama babonisa ukuthi ukuthola imicabhambo ngokushesha bangeza amakheloni kakhulu ngokwemva ngoba akukho onke amadoda athanda ukuthi baphumele izitayela ezinamathela noma ukubuyiselwa. Ukulandela imicabhambo engenakupheli yokucinga kumele ibonelele ukugcina ubunzima bokwezwa kwezitayela futhi kumele kancise ukuphila kwesipoheli sonke sokwezwa. Izindawo zokusebenza ezilandela imicabhambo engenakupheli yokuqinisekisa izindleko kumele zifumene ukuthi izisitha zokugcina zidla ngokulungile futhi zidinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha emva kwalokho.

Izimo Zokulima Ukuze Ususiwe Okulingasebenzi

Kulungiswa kwezitayela zezokwe esilivu kuyindlela encane ukulethwa kulezi zitayela kusebenza ngazo futhi ukuba yini ubude bazo ngaphambi kokuba kudingeka ukubuyiselwa. Zonke izinto eziphakeme dust, izilulu, amagciwane amabiweyo kanye nezinto eziphakeme kahle kungaphandle kokuba kuthathwe ngemva kakhulu, le ndleke iphakama ukuthiwa kwezokwe futhi kuthola amaphutha amaningi ekupheleni. Amakhampeni anquma ukusebenzisa izindlela eziphethwe noma izindlela ezingathathwa: amathulwa amaningi athola kakhulu amagciwane amabiweyo, izinhlayiya zokuchitha amagciwane athile, futhi ukucitha ngokushisa kungena kuzindawo ezilungiselekileyo. Indlela ehlukileyo iyathathwa ngokuthi kutheni amagciwane aphakeme kungaphandle kokuba kuthathwe. Izinhloko zokuhlelo kanye nezimiso zokuhlelo zithi kudingeka ukulungiswa kube yisikhathi esiphelelwe futhi ukusebenzisa izinhlayiya ezinhle ezifakwe yisikhathi esifakwe yizokwe esilivu futhi engathinti izinto. Lapho izikhowudi zilungisa izinhloko zokuhlelo ngokucophelela, bezithola ukuthi amaphutha amaningi akhona futhi kuzothola ukuthi amasevisi aphume ngokushesha noma kungaphandle kokuthintwa kwezinto.