Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlobo esiyaxhuma kuye siphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu xa sikhuluma ngegalvanisasi yenkunkuma. Indlela yekuqala ngokuthiwa yisilavu, okungukuthi ukuthatha pha konke okulula noma imipho ezingenakwe emanzini kwiindlela. Uma leli qaphela alwenziwanga, izinkci ayizokugcina ngokuphelele kwiindlela. Emuva kokuthola pha okulula, kuyokwenzeka indawo yokupaka apho kuthathwa izikhala ukuthatha pha amaphotha nezinkanye zokupaka. Lokhu kwenza izinto ezimbili ngemva yenye - kuyiqinisekisa ukuthi izinkci ikhuthe ngokulungile kanye nokubangela iindlela ukuzwelonkela okulandelayo. Musikhathi lezi qaphela noma lutho kuba uma umuntu angena kulezi qaphela, leli gci lasezinkci kungaphansi kwezinye izimo, okungukuthi kungaphansi kwezinye izimo zokuphela, okungukuthi akudingeki xa kusebenzwa nezindlela zokubona kuzo nezimo zokulwa ngemva yenye.
Ukuhamba kwamagogo kwiindlela zokweqile ngaphambi kokuba zifike kwi-bath yezinkokheli yezinkokheli zokweqile ukukhawula ukuba kube yini. Kwiindlela zokweqile, amagogo angabantu abane nezinkokheli ezingaphansi kwe-ammonium zokweqile fokwenye nezinye iimpawu, ukwenza le ndawo yokuphela apho ayizokhawula ukuba kube yini kwiindlela. Xa kwenziwa ngokucacileyo, le nto iyakulungisa iindlela zokwenzela ukuthintana ngokucacileyo nezinkokheli eziphezulu, okuyiyo into enye yokuthi kufuneka kube khona ukuthintana okukhulu phakathi kwezinto. Ngenxa yale qondo, izinkokheli zokweqile ayizokhawula ngokucacileyo, ukwenza ukuba kube yini kwezinkokheli kungcono fokwenye ukuncipha ukuba yini kwezinto ezokweqileyo kwiindlela zokusebenza ngokujulileyo. Abasebenzi beemoto bezifiso ukuba le nto iyakulungisa noma iyakulahla izinto ezokweqileyo, ukulingana nokuthi bathatha kanjani inkqubo yazo ngexesha le nto iyenzeka.
Kodwa uma ubukelela ukuba ingceke iyamiswa ngokulungiselelwe, iyaphakelwa kwi tanki enkulu enemvelo ephuzwe ngokwezinga elikhulu elingu-450 degrees Celsius noma 842 Fahrenheit. Kuleli qembu lokusebenza, kukhona okuqukethwe okubalulekile okuthiwa yenzeka phakathi kwe steel kunye nezink kunye nokuba yinto yemimandla. Ixesha elithile ingceke liyasebenzisa kulo ndawo liyahluka ngokubaluleka kuba lento iyasongeza ubukhulu bezinga eliphelileyo. Uma liyalela kude, siyafumana ukuba ubukhulu bokugcina kakhulu. Yeyiphi into elenza ukuba le ndawo yenzeka? Ngaparte kwenye yokuvelisa isicathami esikhulu kwi rust kunye ne corrosion, le ndawo yenzeka ithatha iingceke zonke iyaqala ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuba ingceke engalungiswa ingaba yinto ephela ngokufanayo.
Lapho i-steel ikhulwa kuzi-zinkhi ezikhuphukileyo, umetali uye kudlala kusayithi se-steel ukudala izilaye zokuxhumana nezinkhi nezifuleli esikhundleni sonke. Okuqondileyo okulandelayo kuyilapho izilaye zilungiselela kanjani ukuthi i-steel ithinte ngokulungileyo kona nezinye izindlela zokwenza iphuleli nasekuthuleni kwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubanzi nokuthi yini izilaye zokuphela kungalingani njalo. Izi-steel zinye ziyindlela zokuxhumana ngokwezinto ezikhona kubo nasekupheleni kwazo kuzi-zinkhi. Kuye kubaluleke ukwazi ukuthi yini izilaye zokuphela kuzo-steel ezikhombisweyo ukuthi bathole ukuthi izinto zizoba yini ngaphambi kokuthi kudingekwe ukuthunyelwa noma ukulungiswa.
Lapho isicwilisiwe emanzini e-zinc, insimbi iyakhishwa bese ishiywa ukuba iphole ngokwemvelo, ivumele ungqimba lwe-zinc luqinise kahle. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokupholisa, kwenzeka okuthile okuthakazelisayo ngalezo zindlela ezihlukile zokubunjwa kwezingqimba esizibona ezindaweni ezi-galvanized. Lezi zakhiwo ezinjengamakristalu azibukeki zimnandi nje kuphela kodwa futhi zisho ukuthi ukugoqa kusebenze kahle yini. Ukuthi insimbi ipholile ngokushesha noma kancane kangakanani kunomthelela omkhulu endleleni okubonakala ngayo. Ezinye izitolo zithanda ukupholile ngomoya kuyilapho ezinye zingase zisebenzise izindlela zokucima amanzi. Indlela lezi zindlela ezakheka ngayo ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ithinta indlela impahla ebukeka ngayo lapho isiphelile nokuthi iyokwazi kanjani ukumelana nokugqwala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Lokhu kuyilwa ukuphatha isiteleni ukungcola, ukugalela ngokugcinwe kuzink kunezindlela ezibalulekile kakhulu ngokugcinwe kuzink ngaphandle kwezinye izinhlelo ezengeziwe. Lokhu kwenza uhlu olukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isiteleni singasetshenziswa kabusha. Isici esiphezulu sokuzink siyenza isiteleni singasebenza ngemva kwezikhathi ezingcono. Imicabango lelango ikhombisa ngokucacile ukuthi izici ezigcinwe zink ziyalingana nezici ezimbili ezigcinwe ngaphandle kwezinye izinhlelo. Futhi izici ezingcono ziyenza ukuphathwa kahle ngokuthi yini engakhiwa ngazo isiteleni, noma kungaphandle kwezimali ezingcono noma kungaphandle kwezindlela eziphezulu.
Ukugaleka ngokugqibekela kakhulu kuyindlela ebonisa ngokucacileyo xa kuvumelana nokufakwa komthambo wezincu zokuphelelwa ngokulinganisa, noma yeyiphi indawo enqatshelwa kwaye yeyiphi indlela yokudizaina. Le ndlela iyasiza ukuba zonke iindle kuyiphathwa ngokuphelelwa kwezicuku, okuyindlela ebalulekileyo kumaqondo enqatshelweyo. Xa kusebenzwa kumatshini aneendawo ezinhlelweyo okanye ezikhoyo kizindawo ezidinga ukufinyelela ngokutshintshwa, le ndlela isebenza ngokuphelelwa kwayo. Inqanawa ivumela ukuba izincu zibe nendawo yokuhlala ngokudala ngokuphelelwa le, ngoko ke ukugaleka ngokugqibekela kuyindlela enkosikaziyo yokuvuselela amathambu wezincu ngokudala.
Lapho imithi ethile iphuma kwi-prosesi yokuzinzela ngokushusha, kukhona okuqondile okuthiwa kumele kwezimo zemolekyuli okwenza ukubhujiswa kwezokugcinwa kube khona ngokukhulu. Indlela ojikeleza ngayo izinkokhelo kwezincayi yenziwa ubudele obukhulu owayingceke ukuphansi noma lapho kuthiwa kakhulu noma kumele kwezimo eziphambene. Amanye amaprosesi okuzinzela ayengeyi le ndlela ayengekanga ukuthiwa kule nto. Izivivinyo zokuhlelela kumele kwezimo zilandelayo zibonisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezithathwe ngendlela le yiya kuhlala ngokude kumele kwezimo zizonke zokulula. Ngaleyo ndlela ke amakhulu amaningi wokudla kumele kwezakhiwo ababuye abhale ukuthiwa izinto ezizinzela ngokushusha kumele kwezinto ezidinga ukuthiwa zihlale ngamaqanda amaningi kumele kwezimo ezingenakupheli noma ukulondoloza ngokwengeziwe.
Izembozo ezenziwe nge-hot dip galvanizing zigqama ngoba zimelana nokugqwala okungokwemvelo kangcono kakhulu kunezinye izindlela. Ngenxa yaleli khwalithi, lezi zembozo zisebenza kahle ezindaweni lapho izinto zikhishwa khona noma zishaywe kanzima ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ema-laboratory iminyaka eminingi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi izinto ezimbozwe nge-hot dip galvanizing zikhuthazelela ukuchotshozwa kangcono kakhulu, okusho ukuthi akudingeki zilungiswe kakhulu futhi izakhiwo zihlala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba zidinge ukushintshwa. Ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngensimbi ezindaweni ezinzima njengasemakhiweni noma ezimbonini, lokhu kumelana nokugqoka kwenza umehluko omkhulu ezindlekweni zokugcinwa nokusebenza kahle.
Ukuphela kwezinki yokuphela kwezinki kusebenza ngemfihlakalo kumaqondo we-steel wegalvanized ngokusheshayo lapho kubekwe kuzimanyano ezinhle. Ngokwesibonelo, okuthi kubalulekile ukuthi izilaye zezinki zivaqela ngokokuqala kabefore okuthile kwayo ikhishwa, lapho isihlangu senqamulela ukuphela. Le ndlela yokuphela iyahlisa kakhulu ukuthi izilayezo zezinki ziphume ngemva koko, okuvumela ukuthi zibe yisicelo esikhulu kwezinto ezifanalo nezindaba nezimanyano zangaphandle. Kunezinye izivivinyo ezibonisa ukuthi lapho kuzimanyano ezinhle, le ndlela yokuphela iyakwazi ukudubula amandla wezilayezo zezinki. Ukuthi izinki ivumela ukuthi ikhishwe ukuphela kwezinye izinto kuyinto ebonisa ukuthi le ndlela yokuphela iyakwazi ukuvikela izakhiwo nezilayezo zazo, futhi kuyakwazi ukuthatha amanani kancane kakhulu kwezindleko zokuphila ngemva koko.
Imifushane ye-Galvanized inenjongo yokuthola ngokomdla lapho kunezindlela eziphunywe. Uma ubuchuza bubelelwe emva kokugcina, izinkuni ezingaphandle ziy beginning to corrode kuqala ngaphambi kwezinto ezingezansi. Okuqala kwenziwa ngokuhlukile - kwenziwa isihlangu sokuvukela ukuthi uhlanganise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le nkinikelo yokuthola ngokomdla iyinkinga kakhulu ukugcina amadliwe amabiwe ngemizuzwano ehlukahluka, kudingekile kakhulu emekeni lapho izindlela ziphunywe ngokuhamba kwemisebenzi yokudlala. Indlela le mfushane ifuna ukwenza ngokuzenzekela iyabangela ukuthi amabhakabhaka, amasipha, nezinye izinto zokubhanti zilale futhi ngeke zidinga ukulungiswa ngokuhamba kweminyaka, okwenza yabo ababele kakhulu ngeke kudingekile kwezinye izinkampani ezijwayele ukudlala kwezindawo nezokuthutha.
Istele esikhaphayiwe ngokushesha kanye nezinhlanzi zokugcina kahle kakhulu kwezinhlanzi zokwenza isitimela esikhulu kudinga ukuthi isitimela esingenakho ukugcinwa. Izindlela zombuso zibonisa ngokuphelele ukuthi isitimela esikhaphayiwe ngokushesha kungena ngokushesha kumaqo aphuthwe noma kuzinhlanzi zokwenza isitimela esikhulu. Oku kungcono kakhulu kuzindawo ezine nhlanzi phakade, lapho isitimela esijwayelekile siyaqala ukuthwala ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngokuthi kungena ngokushesha, isitimela esikhaphayiwe ngokushesha kudinga ukuthi kuyinto ephathekileyo kakhulu yokusebenzisa kuzindlela ezine zimo ezithintekayo. Iyakucoca okuthiwa yekhweyinti kanye neyakudala kakhulu, kuyakunceda ukuthola ukusekela okuhle kanye nokunceda ukutholiwe izindleko zokuphila ngokudala.
Imifubo ephuzwayo iyaphakama ngokukhulu emazone ezikulu lapho kunezimali nezililo kakhulu kuzinhlanhla. Lezi zifuba zokulungiswa zingasebenzela kakhulu ngokungafanelekile, zilinda ngokude ngaphandle kowezi zokwelapha ezingaphuzwayo. Izithwala nezibonelo eziphakathi kwabasebenzisa izokwelapha ephuzwayo ziyakhiweka ngokukhulu lapho zivikelwa kuzinhlanhla zomfuso ngemva kokugcina. Bheka konke laba mayelana nezimanyekelo zasekulu - zingahlikwa ngokwezifuba ephuzwayo ngisho ngenxa yokuthi kuyimfuneko ngokwalethandwa lapho kunezindlela zokucula kwezimali. Ukuhluhwa phakathi kwezinto eziphuzwayo nezingaphuzwayo kuvizwe ngokukhulu emva kokugcina amabili angamaqo.
Imicaba ye-galvanized kuyindlela encane kakhulu xa kuvakwa ukubungisa iindlela zokwenza ubunjineli bokukhula ngoba iyasanda kakhulu fanye nekuhlinzeka kwezinyoni ngokokungabi noma kwiimeko eziphazamayo. Abasebenzisi bokukhula kwezinye zonke iindlela zokukhula bafuna le micaba ngokukhulu kuba ayidingi ukubuyiselwa ngokokungabi njengoko micaba yeziyasi ezingcono. Xa sijonge kwiqoqo yemercado ngoku, kubonakala kukhona into eninzi ngenjongo yokusebenzisa i-steel ephunywe ngokokungabi kwiindlela zokubungisa. Le nto iyakho kakhulu ngokokungabi xa kujongwa indlela enkulu ekhuselekile ngokokungabi kwezinyoni fanye nezinto ezithintayo ezithintayo. Bakwa bonke abasebenzisi abafuna into engayilandela ukuphela kwexesha ngaphandle kokugcina izindleko zokulungisa kamva, ukutshintsha kwiindlela zokugcinwa ngokokungabi zinto ezingcono zilandelayo ngokokungabi kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiindleko eziphambene ngokwokuqala.
Imetali yesithawu se-C ihulela ngeziro yemfuthana yezincazelo futhi yaphelile ukuba yisikhisho esikhulu ekwaleni ngoba inokuthola izindleko ezinkulu ngenkathi isebenza kakhulu. Iziro yemfuthana yezincazelo ngokwabo inikeza amaphetho amaningi ekuseni kanye nezicuku zokuvikela eziphakeme okuphumelela kakhulu. Abakhulu abaningi manje abathanda izithawu se-C ngaphandle kwezinye izinketho ngoba zilapha kude futhi zisebenza ngendlela ethembekile kuleyo xubile. Lokhu kwehlise ukuba amaphrojekthi aphumelelwe ngokushesha ngekuhlinzwa phansi ukulungiswa okuphakeme emuva kwezindleko, ngaphandle kokuqondiswa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kwehlise ukucindezwa kwezinto okuyinto ethintekayo kanye.
Kunoma imicimbi yokudla nezokweyiswa, isitil yenqanawe yekhalesi yisikhetha esifanelekileyo kumqombothi wesitil weyokhalela xa kubalulekile ukungcola. Le ngcamango inikeza ukuphela kwekhalesi nezindlela zokulwa ngaphansi kwezindlela eziphathelene nezokhalela. Imibiko yesipohu libonisa ukuthuthukwa kwezindlela ezimbini ngokwezimali futhi ukusebenza okudala. Okwesibili kakhulu amakhampani okudla ayithintela kuleli ndlela esikhatsini esiphilileyo, abona ukuthi isitil yenqanawe ichitha imithi yokudla kwezinye izindlela ezinamathela weyokhalela. Noma ukuba kubalwe amathela wokuphila, le khesi yokweyiswa kudala kuyakhiwa kakhulu ngokushesha noma kubekwe amathela okhalela kwezinye izimo.
Ukuhlakwa kwegalvani kunceda izindlila zokusebenza nezitowe zokuthumela ukuthola izimpawu ezinhle xa kufanele kuthole ukwehliswa kwezulu nezinye izinto zokumelana. Iphelimi yezinki lithola isigaba esimame okuthintana nokuthi yini lezi zinto kudinga ukulungiswa futhi lithulela ukuthi kungakhona ukwehliswa kahle. Imaphakathi esibonile yaziwa ukuthi izindlila ezihlahlwe kakhulu azikhohlwa ngokwenge kwezinye ezingahlathiwe, lokhu kwenza banezifiso eziyinkululeko ngokudala. Kwezinkampani zokumisa amandla nabasebenzisa izinfrastrakti, ukuguqula ukusebenzisa isithalwe se-galvanized kuyindlela encane yesikhalo. Kuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngendlela elula kabanzi phakathi kwemigomo yokulungisa futhi kunceda ukuvuleka imali ngokudala ngoba izinto ekuhlakwa kwezinki kudinga ukuguqulwa ngokwenge kwezinye ezingahlathiwe.
Ukufakwa i-galvanizing eshisayo kunciphisa izindleko zokugcinwa, okusho ukuthi imali iyasindiswa ekugcineni. Izinkampani ezishintsha zisuka esinyathelweni esivamile ziye ezenzweni ezenziwe ngensimbi evuthayo ngokuvamile zibika ukuthi zisebenzisa imali engaphansi kuka-30% unyaka ngamunye ukuze nje izinto ziqhubeke zihamba kahle. Kungani? Ngoba lezo zinhlaka zensimbi zikhuthazelela ukugqwala nokulimala kwesimo sezulu kangcono kakhulu kunezindlela eziningi. Cabanga ngamabhuloho noma izakhiwo ezingaphandle ezichayeka emvuleni nasemoyeni onosawoti usuku lonke. Amapulangwe agxishiwe awagqwali ngokushesha, ngakho ahlala isikhathi eside phakathi kokulungiswa. Uma amabhizinisi eqapha yonke imali esetshenziswayo ekunakekeleni izakhiwo zawo, lokhu kunengqondo ngokuphelele. Akukhona nje ukonga imali kusengaphambili kodwa futhi ukugwema izindleko ezingalindelekile zokulungisa lapho izinto ezishibhile ziqala ukuwohloka.
Ukuba usebenzisa imithwalo yokuqala, isiteleni sokugcwala kahle sikhona isiphambano nezicelo zokujaya. Izithumbu zokuthi izinto ezifanayo ezakhiwe ngositeleni sokugcwala kahle zingaba ngu-35-40% ngemnyama. Ukuphakama kwezifiso nezimali efanayo kubonisa ngempela ukuthi kungapi na amaphakela angasebenzisa leli khanda ngemva kwalokho. Abasebenzisi besikhangeli bafisela kahle ukuthi isiteleni sokugcwala kahle sikhona siphelile ngaphansi kwalokho. Abakhankatha abasebenza ngemali encane kakhulu bafisela kahle ukuthi leli khanda libe ngokuphezulu kunezinye izindleko eziphakeme ngelokho libonisa kahle ukuthi kunezimali ezingcono. Isiteleni akakhali kakhulu kwalokho kungabi yimali encane, lokhu kwenza kube yinkqubo yokuthenga lapho kudinga ukuthola imali encane kodwa akudingi ukuthatha isimo sokuthi isikhangeli singasebenzi.
Izivivinyo ezifanelekileyo kubonisa ukuthi ingcula ephunzwe yi-zinc ikhuluma kahle faye ikhale kahle ngemva kokufakwa kwamandla kwezinkulungwane ezingu-75 noma ngaphezulu kwezindlela zokuphepha ezingcono. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkanyezi eziphunzweyo yi-zinc zikhona ngokwehlulekileyo kakhulu faye zingcono ukuthi kuthathwe ngokwengeza kwezintshisekelo ezingcono kakhulu. Ngoba le ngcula ezilula kakhulu, zikhona ngokwehlulekileyo kakhulu ngokwezimali ngokushaya kwezinye izinkanyezi. Kumaqo amaphakathi okukhiqiza abasebenzisa izindleko zokufinyelela kodwa bafuna amandla amatholakale, ingcula ephunzwe yi-zinc inikeza ukusebenza kanye nokutholakala kwezimali xa kubonakala ukuthi kwezindleko zokuphelisa izinto.
Izimboni ezweni ngokusebenzisa ukugcwalisa kwezinto kuzingelwa kabusha ngaphandle kokulahla izici zakhe ezijabulayo, lokhu kuyindlela yokwenza izindlela zokuphatha izinto ngendlela ethembekile. Izifundo zokugcwalisa ziyokubonisa ukuthi yini engenziwa ngokugcwalisiwe kwezinto ezweni, okuqukethwe kakhulu ekuphileni kwezinto zasekhaya. Uma izinkampani zingelwa kabusha izinto ezweni, ziyakhuthaza ukuthi wehlise kwiqondo lokungena ngokulandzelana nezinto apho izinto ziyadingeka futhi azithathwe ngokungena. Lokhu yindlela okuningi lamanufacture baya kusebenzisa izinto ezweni ngenhlanhla lapho baxelela ukuthi izindlela zokwenza izinto zibe yimaliphi nezibonakalayo.
Izindaba Ezishisayo 2025-01-03
2024-10-23
2024-11-15
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