Emhlabeni mikhulu wokwakha komlando, izinto zephayipi yesithalatha nezithube zisusa indima ebalulekile emibandleni engaphezu kweminyaka. Nakuba le mininingwane ihlukaniswa njengoba ifanayo, kukhona izahluko ezibalulekile emthethweni wokwakha, okusebenziswayo, nezimiso ezifunekayo abaprofeshini kufanele baziwo. Le ndawo iphakamisa uma kusohla izimpahla kumisebenzi ethile yezindustri, kusukela ekubekeni iqiniso kuya kuthutha nesithalatha.
Umlando wamathambo amahleli wayithutha kakhulu ngeminyaka engama-10, ngokuthuthwa kweteknoloji kuvikela izindlela ezidingileyo zokwakha nezimphakathi eziphuculiwe. Xa usidlula lezi zilonda zezinhleli, kubaluleke ukuziqonda ukuthi izihlomo zazo ziyaphambela kuphela ubizo - ziyahlukana konke kusukela ekufakelweni imali kuze kube yisimo sebenzayo emsebenzini.
Ukukhula kwamathambo amahleli kuyaphathelene nokuphathelene okunzima, ikakhulu ngoba le mikhumbi ihlala isebenzisa imvuselelo enkulu. Iindlela ezisiseko ziquka ukukhula ngepili noma ngendlela engaqedi. Ukukhula kwamathambo amahleli angapheli kudala kuhlala kungena ngobumba obubiliwe bethaleni obugcwele obuqukisiwe bethaleni bethaleni, bethunywa futhi baphindaphindelelwe kuqatha oluluhlaza, kuvikela ubuchule nobunxibelelaniso buhlungu kumzimba wonke.
Ukwenza kwezithuthi zezilondolozi ezihlaziywa, ngendlela efanayo, kusiba ngamakhanda amadala apho akhiwa ngendima yezilondolozi futhi ihlaziywa ngasemponjini. Izindlela zokuhlaziywa ezintsha, njenge-Electric Resistance Welding (ERW) ne-Double Submerged Arc Welding (DSAW), zihlinza ukuthi lezi ziphazanyiso zifanele izimo ezibophelela kakhulu zombono. Umphakathi wamakhanda amadala uphawula kakhulu ubukhulu bomgwa bezilondolozi, okuhleliwa ngokwesilinganiso sezilondolozi (NPS).
Izithuthi ze silondolozi zihlaziywa ngendlela eyodwa, engaqondene nokufinyelela kwezimo nezinhla ngenkohlaka yokufanelela izidingo zokuphatha ingxenye. Indlela yokwakha kusiba ngamakhanda amadala atholakala futhi ahlelwa futhi ihlaziywa ngendima efuna. Ngenkohlaka izithuthi ezimigwatshana zisemthethweni, abakhi kakhulu bangakhiya i-square, i-rectangular, kanye nezinye izinhla eziphucukileyo ukuze bafanele izidingo ezahlukene zomnotho womnotho.
Ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya ezenziwa kwi-tube kungaphakathi kakhulu ekufakeleni izikhathi ezithile zangaphandle nokugcina ubude bempahla ngokuvamile, kunokuthola amathuba aphelele okuphatha umfanekiso. Lokhu kuyakha i-tubes ngokukodwa kumsebenzi wokwakha nokusebenza kwemithombo lapho ukufaka kahle nokubonakala kubaluleke kune-umphefumulo wokuphatha umfanekiso.
Izilinganiso zeepipe yezililo zilandela iindikimba ezibekwe ngendalo, izikhathi ezihlukene ziqhutywa ngokulinganisa ipipe (NPS) nezinombolo zesikhejuli. Into eyahlukene ngokweqile ngokulinganisa ipipe yezililo kukuba isikhathi esifakiweyo sangaphandle sishintshana kakhulu kusuka kusikhathi esingu- nominal, ikakhulu emakhathini amancane. Le ndlela yokubeka iqondo yayisungele kuzinto ezazidala ngempuma kwindalo yesiphiliseli nendalo yezililo.
Inhloso yonombolo yesikwele esetshenziswa kwiipingi zezincwadi kubonisa ubukhulu bekawuntisela, nokuba izinombolo ezide ngaphezulu kubonisa ukuthi kunezinkwa ezinde. Izinhloso eziphathelene ngokuvamile ziqukatha i-40 ne-80, nakuba izinhloso zingahlala kusuka ku-Schedule 5 kuze kube ku-Schedule XXS (extra extra strong). Lokhu kukhona kweqhathaniswa kunesandla ekuxhumashini phakathi kwezinhlinzeko ezahlukene nezisebenzo, ikakhulukazi kumasektor wena pipingi yezincwadi ibe yinqobo eqaqaziywa.
Ithayibhu lezincwadi njengoko zilandelayo inhlaka enqamlezile yokulinganisa, lapho umjikelezo wesikh outside uyafana nesihlalo sekhanda. Ubukhulu bekawuntisela njengoba bitholakala kuzinhloso zegeshi noma i-inches eziphindwe kabili, engalisho inhloso yezinhloso. Lokhu okudide kokulinganisa kwenza ukuthi ithayibhu ibe yimfushane kulokusebenzisa izisebenzo apho ukufakwa kahle kuyiqiniso.
Inqanawa yokuqhuba enguqukayo yesithuthi kwiitshukela ibonisa izimo ezisiseko zabo kwizixhobo nezilinganiso apho ukulingana kakuhle nokubonakala kusungula ngaphezulu kokwenza amandla okulondoloza. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kumahlaza nezikhathazo ukufaka iitshukela kwimibiko yabo ngaphandle kokubala okuncinane.
Iquba lentlobo linethando elikhulu emva kwezixhobo zomoya nesidima apho ukulondoloza amandla kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo. Umphakathi wamandla nesidima uphatha kakhulu iquba lentlobo kuzo zonke izinto, kusukaphantsi kwezihlalo zezityalo kuze kube phakathi kwezixhobo zokuthunyelwa. Iindawo zempahla zaseMnicipalide zisetshenzisa ngokwaneleyo iquba lentlobo yobuchwepheshe bakho, ikakhulu kwiziganeko ezinezibuko ezinkulu.
Umongo wokuphatha izinto ezikhemikhali usebenzisa iziphiwo ze-steele, lapho izimo zokugcina ingxenye nezimali eziphathelene nokungahleli kwe-corrosion zibalulekile kakhulu. Lezi zimo zidinga izinhlobo ezithile ze-steele kanye nezilinganiso eziphephile zokwakha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle ngemiphumela engcono.
Izithuthi ze-steele zisetyenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yomlando noma yomekhaniki lapho ukugcina ingxenye ayidingeki ngokuphelele. Umongo wezakhamo usebenzisa izithuthi ngokujwayelekile emahlodini, amasuntswana omlando, namathambo ethulwini. Umongo we-automotive usebenzisa izithuthi emigangathweni yezehlathi, izinhleko zokuphosela, nezinye izinhlayiya zomekhaniki.
Umongo wezinhlelo nazo usebenzisa izithuthi ze-steele ngokujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi emihlelweni yamanje lapho ubumnandi nesimilo sezakhamo sibandla kahle. Inkinga yokwakha izithuthi ngamandla amaningi nemigomo ibangela ukuba izithuthi zibe nomlando kakhulu emisebenzini yomlando.
Isakhiwo senani yamathambo wamakhambi ngokuvamile ishibhishela izidingo eziningi zokwakha kanye nezimo zokuphatha ubunzima. Inani eliphakade lingxilana nokwaziwa kwezimali ukulahla unyawo kanye nesivumelwano ngezimo eziphathelene kakhulu. Ukutholakala kwemercariyo kungaba nobunzima obuhlukeneyo ngokulinganisa kwezidingo zomthamo kanye nesikheji.
Amathambo amakhambi ngokuvamile athena inani elihle ngoba imithodi yokwakha ingcono kanye neziviko ezingaphansi kweziviko. Ubunzima obuniningi bembalali kanye nezinhlelo ezihlengahlenga zokwakha ngokuvamile zenza ukutholakala okuhle kanye nezindleko ezincane zezilingo kwezinhlelo ezijwayelekile.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwezipha zamakhanda nezithuthi kudinga ukuqinisekisa okuhle kumsebenzi owusizo. Kumaqondo okunakekela umshwelo, izipha zamakhanda ziyindima eyodwa, ngoba zinezimiso ezihlukileyo zomshwelo futhi zinemigomo yemithwalo engaphezu kweminyaka. Ukukhetha kufanele kube nemifanekiso yokushisa, ubude becala, nokuthi kutholakala kanjani ekugcineni izinhlelo.
Kumaqondo ezenza umbumbano noma emisebenzini apho ukunakekelwa komshwelo akuyona indima, izithuthi zanikeza isisindo esingaphansi ngokuvamile. Inkathi yokukhetha kufanele ibe yindlela yokubaluleka kwebudlelwane, imfazwe yesayizi, nokutholakala kwegesi ngaphandle kwezimiso zomshwelo.
Nakuba iphayipi ne-thuɓhu yezulu zingafanani, azikwenzeki ukuthi zilondololwe ngokuthi kunezilingo ezahlukene zokwakha nokusetshenziswa kwazo. Iphayipi yezulu iyenzelwe ngokuphambene ukuqhubeka kwezimali, ngelixa iithubhu zihlelekile ekusebenzisweni kophondo noma kwezinhlekele. Qinisekani ukuthi uvakashelela izimo zomlando nezimiso zejinjalo ukuze uthole umkhondo ofanele.
Hlukanisa izidingo ezikhulu zomsebenzi wakho. Uma kudinga ukuthutha amanzi noma amagasi ngapha kwegunya, iphayipi yezulu ingaba yinto efanele. Kuzindlela zophondo, izibonakude, noma iziqhamo zemiphango apho izilinganiso eziphambili zangaphandle zibaluleke kakhulu, ithubhu yezulu ingaba yinto efanele ngaphezulu.
Kwiziphatshwayo zezinto ezinzulu, izikhombalo ezibalulekile zokubaluleka kufaka phakathi ukulinganisa isitshalo, ukuthembekile kwegama, nokuphila kwesibindi (uma kusekelwe). Kwi-tubes, izinhloso eziphathelene ngokuphelele kufaka phakathi ukulungiswa kokulinganiso, ubumnandi bomgwa, nokukhazimula. Kumele kube yini ngezinye i-ASTM noma i-API standards esebenziswayo.
Izindaba Ezishisayo 2025-01-03
2024-10-23
2024-11-15
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